我国果园生草研究现状与展望

Present Situation and Prospect of the Study on Interplanting Grass in Orchard in China

果园生草是改善果树生态条件的一项现代土壤管理技术,实施果园生草栽培可以确保现代果园的可持续高效发展。总结了我国10 a来的生草试验研究,从草种选择、果园生草对土壤理化性状和微生物种群的影响、果园生草对果园生态环境的影响以及对果树生长和果实品质的影响等几个方面,综述了到目前为止我国开展果园生草试验研究的现状。从多数学者的研究结果可以看出,果园生草显著改善了土壤的理化性状和果园的大气生态,并明显增加了土壤养分和微生物数量,提高了果树产量和改善了品质。预期今后将在筛选适宜草种、探明生草的生理生态效应和弄清生草对果树产量品质的影响等方面进行深入研究。

The interplanting grass in orchard is a modern technique for orchard soil management that could improve ecological conditions of fruit trees. Implement of grass cultivation in orchard widely would ensure the sustainable and efficient development of modern orchards. The experimental study for nearly a decade was summarized. The current studies of grass interplanting experiments that so far were carried out in orchards in China were reviewed in such aspects as grass species selection, effects of grass cultivation in orchard on soil physical and chemical properties and microorganism communities, effect of grass interplanting on ecological environment in orchard, effect of grass cultivation on growth of fruit tree and fruit quality. It could be observed from study results of most research workers that grass cultivation in orchard greatly improved soil physical and chemical properties and orchard ecological atmosphere, markedly increased soil nutrient and microorganism quantity, enhanced fruit yield and improved quality. It was expected that in the future deep studies would be made on follow sides： selection of suitable grass species, exploration of physiological and ecological effects of grass interplanting in orchard, discovery of effects of grass interplanting on fruit tree yield and quality.