从迁界到展界:明清鼎革时期的温台盐政与滨海社会

From Clearance to Unfolding & Restoring:Salt Administration in the Area of Wenzhou-Taizhou and the Coastal Society at the Transforming from Ming to Qing

明清鼎革之际,温台沿海地区出现纷繁复杂的局势,严格的迁界政策深刻地影响着滨海地区各类人群的生计方式与社会组织。顺治十八年(1661)的迁界令,一方面使地方经济遭受重创,另一方面亦严重影响了清政府的财政收入。而对包括灶户在内的沿海地区各色人群来说,则是失去生计,颠沛流离。出于以上原因,康熙八年(1669),清政府曾下部分展复令,稍稍向外展复边界,同时允许人民沿涂采捕煎煮,但与此同时,却仍然申严海禁。直至康熙二十二年(1683),清政府发布"全面"展复令,才使这一局面得以改观。

At the transforming from Ming to Qing,there was a complicated and confusing situation in the WenzhouTaizhou coastal area,with severe policy of clearance profoundly influencing the means of livelihood of all kinds of communities and the organization of society.The Great Clearance in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi(1661)made the local economy mauled heavily on the one hand,and had a strong impact on the financial income of Qing Government on the other.For the people of all kinds including the salt producers,they actually lost their means of making a live,having to drift from place to place homeless and miserable.Because of all these,the government issued an order in the eighth year of Kangxi(1669)to unfold and restore part of the land of clearance,slightly extending outward the border,and at the same time permitted the people to fish,catch and produce salt along the way.However,maritime trade was still severely banned.Till the twenty-second year of Kangxi(1683),the situation was changed for better with the issuing of the order for an'entire'unfolding and restoring by the government.