2014—2015年广州地区人呼吸道合胞病毒和人博卡病毒的流行病学特征

Epidemiological survey of respiratory syncytical virus and human bocavirus in Guangzhou, 2014—2015

目的分析2014-2015年广州地区发热呼吸道感染患者中人呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和人博卡病毒(HBoV)的流行特征。方法采集2014年1月至2015年12月期间广州地区11家哨点医院符合条件的发热呼吸道感染患者的鼻咽拭子标本,采用Real-time PCR的方法对RSV和HBoV进行核酸检测,结合患者的临床资料,分析病毒感染的人口学特征、病例类型、年龄、时间等分布特点,对RSV或HBoV阳性标本同时检测其它7种常见呼吸道病毒以了解混合感染情况。结果 2014-2015年间共收集2 146份鼻咽拭子标本,其中RSV阳性标本223例,HBoV阳性标本22例,检出率分别为10.39%和1.03%;RSV住院病例检出率明显高于门急诊病例,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=41.868,P<0.05);HBoV住院病例与门急诊病例检出率无差异(χ~2=1.379,P>0.05);RSV检出率男性大于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.855,P<0.05);HBoV检出率男女之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.109,P>0.05);RSV和HBoV的检出均与年龄有关,检出率最高的年龄组分别为1岁以下婴幼儿和2岁的婴幼儿。RSV的感染高峰在1-4月,HBoV在8月和11月检出率较高。RSV阳性病例中混合感染47例,混合感染率为21.08%,其中双重感染44例,三重感染3例,鼻病毒是最常见的混合感染病毒。HBoV阳性病例中混合感染11例,混合感染率为50.00%,其中10例为双重感染,1例为三重感染。结论 2014-2015年广州地区RSV和HBoV均以感染婴幼儿为主。RSV的流行高峰在1-4月,鼻病毒是最常见的混合感染病毒;HBoV为全年分布不均,8月和11月检出率较高。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytical virus（RSV）and human bocavirus（HBoV）infection in patients with respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou between 2014-2015. Methods Pharyngeal swabs of patients with respiratory tract infection from 11 hospitals from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015 in Guangzhou were collected.RSV and HBoV were detected using real-time PCR. The clinical information of the patients was collected at the same time,and characteristics of the demographic distribution,case type,age and time distribution were analyzed. For RSV or HBoV positive samples,7 common co-infection respiratory viruses were detected. Results Totally 2 146 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected,and 223 samples were RSV positive and 22 samples were HBoV positive,with a detection rate of 10.39%and 1.03%,respectively. The RSV detection rate of inpatients was significantly higher than that of outpatients（χ^2=41.868,P〈0.05）,while there was no significant difference between HBoV detection rate in different case type（χ^2=1.379,P〉0.05）.Males had significantly higher RSV detection rate than females（χ^2=5.855,P〈0.05）. However,there was no significant difference in HBoV detection rate in indifferent gender（χ^2=0.109,P〉0.05）. RSV and HBoV detection rates were age related,and the highest detection rate of age group in RSV and HBoV was infants under 1 year old and 2 years old,respectively. RSV infection peak appeared in January to April,while for HBoV,infection mostly occurred in August andNovember. There were 47 RSV positive samples co- infected with other respiratory viruses and co- infection rate was21.08%;44 cases were double infection and 3 cases were triple infection. HRV was the most common co-infectious virus.11 HBoV positive samples had co-infection,and the co-infection rate was 50.00%,of which 10 cases were double infection and 1 case was triple infection. Conclusions In Guangzhou between 2014-2015,infants were the most susceptible age group to be infected with RSV and HBoV. The infection peak of RSV appeared in January to April,and HRV was the most the common co-infection virus. HBoV infection distributed throughout the year,with higher detection rate in August and November.