国有企业真的低效吗?——基于区域创新效率溢出效应的视角

Does State-Owned Enterprise Really Inefficient? Based on the Perspective of Regional Innovation Efficiency Spillover Effect

在知识经济时代背景下,区域创新在区域经济增长中的作用不言而喻,企业作为区域创新活动的重要主体之一,不同体制企业对区域创新效率溢出效应的影响值得关注。理论上各地区之间的区域创新会彼此影响,产生溢出效应,通过全局空间自相关检验和局域空间自相关检验,我国区域创新效率呈现出显著的区域依赖特征,采用空间计量模型将空间效应纳入实证研究,分析国有企业、民营企业和外资企业对区域创新效率溢出效应的影响,发现国有企业和外资企业均能够显著的、正向的影响区域创新效率溢出,即国有企业和外资企业均能够促进临近区域创新效率的提升,并且国有企业相比外资企业的影响效果更加明显;民营企业在技术创新滞后期1年对区域创新效率溢出没有显著的影响,在滞后期2~3年对区域创新效率溢出呈现出较为显著的负向影响。最后得出:国有企业是技术扩散的中心,从区域创新效率溢出效应角度来说,国有企业是高效的。

Under the background of knowledge economy era, the role of regional innovation in regional economic growth is self-evident, business as one of the important subject of regional innovation activities, different system of regional innovation efficiency of the spillover effect is remarkable. In various areas between the regional inno- vation will influence each other, and generate spillover effects, through the global spatial autocorrelation test and local spatial autocorrelation test, regional innovation efficiency in China shows the characteristics of significant re- gional dependence, by adopting a measuring model of the space effect of the space into empirical research, analy- sis of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign enterprises the influence of spillover effects on the re- gional innovation efficiency, found that the state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises are able to significantly, the positive effect of regional innovation efficiency overflow, the state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises are able to promote the approaches to promote the efficiency of regional innovation, compared the influence of the foreign investment enterprises and state-owned enterprises effect is more obvious; Private enterprises in technological innovation lag period 1 year for overflow no significant regional innovation efficiency and the effect of the lag 2-3 years for overflow presents regional innovation efficiency is significant negative effects. Finally con- cluded that state-owned enterprise is the center of the technology diffusion and spillover effects from the regional innovation efficiency perspective, the state-owned enterprises are efficient.