先秦时期西北游牧地区动物埋葬习俗——从埋葬头蹄的现象谈起

On the Animal Biarial Pattern of Northwestern Nomadic Region in the Pre-Qin Period

本文试对西北游牧地区盛行的埋葬动物头蹄的现象提出自己的见解。认为埋葬动物头蹄是西北及北方游牧民族所共有的葬俗,同时游牧区与农耕区交界的15英寸等雨线及战国长城与一系列埋葬动物头蹄的墓葬群连线重合,这条线的两边分别是两种生活方式。这些墓葬在春秋早期还是以游牧风格为主,但到了战国晚期,西北游牧地区墓葬中中原风格的出现揭示了民族的融合。

This study is based on the analysis of horse bones from the Majiayuan site. Series of criteria were applied to prove that these bones belong to domesticated horses. Meanwhile, the burial pattern of the animals at site shows a consistency with other sites in northwest China, namely only skulls and hoofs were buried.Therefore the study tries to propose the prevailing phenomena of burying animal heads and hoofs in tombs in northwestern nomadic region of pre-Qin period, are common burial customs among nomadic ethnic groups. In addition the fifteen-inch-isohyet in junction of nomadic and agricultural region, the great walls of Warring States period, and the connecting line of a series of tombs with animal skulls and hoofs buried, are overlapped in the case indicating different life styles were adopted on both sides. While these tombs were mainly nomadic style during early Spring and Autumn Period, by the Late Warring States Period the style had appeared in Central China, revealing the integration of different ethnic groups.