汉画“东海太守”与“李少君”

On the Iconography of Governor of the Donghai Commendary and Li Shaojun on Han Pictorial Bricks

本文以"东海太守"、"少君"两个榜题为线索,结合文献对四川合江3号、新津4号石棺(函)中的二人对视相握的画像进行了分析,认为画面中两人分别为东海太守汲黯和郎中李少君,"东海太守"、"郎中"为秦汉时期官职。汲黯、李少君均曾在滨海地区生活过,深受神仙思想影响,二人对视相握是为了表现论道、成仙的场景,符合黄老学和方仙道融合的历史背景。该故事对于探讨滨海地域神仙信仰对蜀地的影响具有重要的价值。石棺上出现这类画像是为了帮助墓主升仙。

This article focuses primarily on the inscriptions of Donghai commendary and Shaojun on pictorial bricks of the Han period. By synthesizing with the iconography showing the two hold-hands individuals presented in tlae stone coffin of tomb No.3 in Hejian and tomb No.4 in Xinjin, Sichuan, the author argues these two figures represent Ji An, who was appointed as Donghai commendary, and Li Shaojun, who was promoted as Langzhong; the two types of inscriptions mentioned above both represent official titles during the Qin and Han periods. As these two individuals had lived in the eastern costal area before, and, therefore, were heavily influenced by the xian belief, the content of the iconography, namely the scene of discussing about dao and being transcended as xian, matches the historical background of early Taoism and local xian belief. The new interpretation of the iconography is significant to understand the impacts of coastal xian belief on Sichuan area. The article also clarifies the fimction of images on stone coffins as an assistance helping the tomb occupant to become spiritually immortal.