唐家河国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性

Avifaunal community structure and species diversity in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, China

了解鸟类资源状况、群落结构和空间分布特征是后续开展长期鸟类监测的工作基础.通过样线和网捕环志调查并综合之前的访问调查记录,在唐家河国家级自然保护区共发现鸟类313种,分属于16目57科.从居留型看,留鸟182种,候鸟109种(其中夏候鸟90种、冬候鸟19种),旅鸟及迷鸟22种.国家一级保护鸟类6种,二级保护鸟类42种.鸟类分布型共有13种,以东洋型(76种鸟)和喜马拉雅—横断山区型(68种鸟)为主.各类生境中的鸟类多样性由高到低依次为常绿阔叶林,常绿与落叶阔叶混交林,针阔混交林,农田,亚高山针叶林,高山灌丛与高山草甸.总体上,唐家河保护区鸟类特有种和受保护物种较多,群落结构与生境关系密切,生物多样性随着海拔的上升而缓慢下降.

Understandings of avian resource, community structure and spatial types are the research foundation on the longterm follow-up birding monitoring. This research used three methods including transect line, net capturing and survey interviewing to investigate the avifaunal community structure and species diversity in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. A total of 313 avian species were found in the study area, including 182 permanent residents, 90 summer residents, 19 winter residents, and 22 accident visitors. Among them 6 species were listed in China＇s National Protected Animals List Class I and 42 species in Class II. Totally 13 distributional types were found in Tangjiahe, mainly in the Oriental Realm（76 species） and Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains Realm（68 species）. The species diversity index was in the order of Evergreen broad-leaved forest Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest Mixed broadleaf and conifer forest Cropland Subalpine coniferous forest Alpine bush and meadow. The results showed that the endemic and protected birds were rich in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve. Avifaunal community structure was closely associated with the habitat, and a clear vertical zoning in community structures was found in the different habitats with altitude changing. However, the increase of altitude resulted in reduction of bird diversity.