青岛汇泉湾排污口附近大型底栖动物的群落结构和多样性

Macrofaunal community structure and diversity near a sewage outlet in Huiquan Bay,Qingdao

为了解污水排海对大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性的影响,于2015年8月对青岛汇泉湾第一海水浴场中潮带一个排污口附近不同距离站位的大型底栖动物,通过野外采样调查、室内生物鉴定和环境因子测定以及多元数据统计分析,对其丰度、生物量、种类组成、多样性、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究.结果表明,该区域大型底栖动物的平均丰度为(825.6±115.9)ind/m^2,随着与排污口的距离增加,丰度呈下降趋势.大型底栖动物的平均生物量为(77.7±46.2)g/m^2,随着与排污口的距离增加,呈现出先增加后减小的趋势.本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物34种,包括节肢动物门甲壳类动物12种,软体动物门动物10种,环节动物门多毛类动物10种,纽形动物门动物1种及鱼类1种.多元统计分析结果表明,随着与排污口的距离增加,大型底栖动物的群落结构和优势种组成呈现出了显著的变化.距离排污口最近的S1站位的优势种为双扇股窗蟹、宽身大眼蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和颗粒拟关公蟹,距离排污口20-80 m的S2-S3站位的优势种为双扇股窗蟹、日本外浪漂水虱、中阿曼吉虫、叉毛矛毛虫和日本拟背尾水虱,而距离排污口最远的S5站位的优势种为日本外浪漂水虱、中阿曼吉虫、叉毛矛毛虫和河蜾蠃蜚.各种多样性指数在空间分布上都呈现出了相同的格局,即随着与排污口的距离加大,先增加后减小.基于香农-威纳多样性指数和ABC曲线的结果表明,研究海域大部分沉积物环境处于轻度污染状态,部分区域处于清洁状态.相关性分析结果表明污水排海会导致沉积物有机质含量增加从而对大型底栖动物产生影响.本研究表明大型底栖动物数量和群落随与排污口距离增加而变化,在海洋环境监测中具有重要的应用价值.

Sewage discharge is a common pollution source in coastal cities. The present study aimed to reveal the effect of sewage discharge on macrofaunal community and diversity. We surveyed the macrofauna at stations with different distances to a sewage outlet in the middle intertidal zone of No.1 Bathing Beach in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao in August 2015. The abundance, biomass, species composition, diversity and community structure of macrofauna were studied by in situ investigation, specimen identification and environmental factors in laboratory as well as multivariate data analysis. The average abundance of macrofauna was 825.6±115.9 ind./m-（-2） which showed a decreasing trend with the increase of distances to the sewage outlet. The average biomass of macrofauna was 77.7±46.2 g/m-（-2）, which showed an increasing-deceasing trend with the increase of distances to the sewage outlet. A total of 34 species of macrofauna were identified, including 12 species of crustaceans, 10 of polychaetes, 10 of mollusks, 1 of nemertean and 1 of fish. The results of multivariate analysis showed that with the increase of the distances to the sewage outlet, the macrofaunal communities changed significantly, so did the dominant species. The dominant species were Scopimera bitympara, Macrophthalmus dilataus, Ruditapes philippinarum and Paradorippe granulata at Station S1, Scopimera bitympara, Excirolana japonica, Armandia intermedia, Phylo felis and Paranthura japonica at Stations S2, S3, S4 and Excirolana japonica, Armandia intermedia, Phylo felis and Corophium acherusicum at Station S5, respectively. Allthe diversity indices showed the same spatial distribution patterns, i.e., with the increase of the distances to the sewage outlet, they increased first and then decreased. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and ABC curves indicated that sediment quality in most investigated areas were under light pollution and at one station it was clean. Correlation analysis showed that the effect of sewage discharge on macrofauna was caused by increase of the sediment organic matter contents. This study indicated that macrofauna have an important role in marine environmental monitoring.