重型商用车钢板弹簧悬架硬点优化设计

Optimal Design of Leaf-Spring Suspension Hard-points for a Heavy Commercial Vehicle

利用Adams/Car对某重型商用车钢板弹簧前悬架进行建模及运动学特性仿真。针对仿真中出现的前束角和主销后倾角变化过大的问题,结合钢板弹簧结构特性进行分析,提出了悬架硬点设计变量的初选方案。采用灵敏度分析方法确定设计变量,通过响应面法对目标函数进行拟合,结合多目标遗传优化算法NSGA-Ⅱ对悬架硬点坐标进行了优化。结果表明,前束角和主销后倾角的变化分别减少了72.2%、68.2%,钢板弹簧悬架运动学特性明显的改善。

Modeling and kinematic properties simulation of leaf-spring front suspension for a heavy commercial vehicle was made with software Adams/Car. The simulation showed oversized changes of the toe angle and caster angle. To solve this problem, we analyzed leaf-spring structural characteristics, and proposed a primary program which set the suspension hard points as design variables. The design variables were determined by the method of sensitivity analysis, and the objective functions were fitted by response surface method, the suspension hard point coordinates were optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II method. The results showed that, the changes of toe angle and caster angle were reduced by 72.2 % and 68.2 % respectively, the leaf-spring suspension kinematic properties were improved dramatically.