基于生态网络的生态安全格局评价

Delineation of ecological security pattern based on ecological network

生态网络可用于描述、评价生境破碎条件下景观空间组织方式与物种存续的关系.本文以青岛市为研究区域,基于最小成本路径方法模拟得到2005年林地、湿地生态网络,并基于廊道累计成本值对得到的生态网络进行分级.利用介数指数、相关长度-逐块筛选指数对生态网络中斑块与廊道等结构要素进行重要性区分,形成生态网络结构体系.并在评价2005—2013年新增建设用地对生态网络影响的基础上,提出应对建设用地变化的生态安全格局.结果表明:在生态网络框架基础上,图形理论的相关评价方法能够量化评价识别生态用地的具体属性(如生态网络斑块的面积)和生态用地之间的功能联系;2005—2013年间,青岛市新增建设用地对湿地侵占面积较大,且没有考虑具体林地、湿地在整个地区生态系统连通性维护中的作用;基于生态网络的生态安全格局的划定可以优化地区生态基底,为生态保护与恢复提供更加精确的空间决策依据,同时为城市空间扩张提供科学合理的空间指引.

Ecological network can be used to describe and assess the relationship between spatial organization of landscapes and species survival under the condition of the habitat fragmentation. Taking Qingdao City as the research area, woodland and wetland ecological networks in 2005 were simulated based on least cost path method, and the ecological networks were classified by their corridors＇ cumulative cost value. We made importance distinction of ecological network structure elements such as patches and corridors using betweenness centrality index and correlation length-percentage of importance of omitted patches index, and then created the structure system of ecological network. Considering the effects brought by the newly-added construction land from 2005 to 2013, we proposed the ecological security pattern for construction land change of Qingdao City. The results showed that based on ecological network framework, graph theory based methods could be used to quantify both attributes of specific ecological land （e.g., the area of an ecological network patch） and functional connection between ecological lands. Between 2005 and 2013, large area of wetlands had been destroyed by newly-added construction land, while the role of specific woodland and wetland played in the connection of the whole network had not been considered. The delineation of ecological security pattern based on ecological network could optimize regional ecological basis, provide accurate spatial explicit decision for ecological conservation and restoration, and meanwhile provide scientific and reasonable space guidance for urban spatial expansion.