宽阔水国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及分布

Species Diversity and Distribution of Orchids in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve

兰科植物是单子叶植物中的第二大科,高度进化,是植物保护中的"旗舰"类群。为掌握宽阔水国家级自然保护区兰科植物的基本状况,通过对保护区兰科植物的专项调查,分析其物种组成、分布状况及多样性特征。结果表明:1保护区兰科植物较为丰富,共21属44种,以地生型为主有32种,附生型9种,半附生型2种,腐生型1种,少见与罕见物种所占比例大。2在现有的3个管理站区域中,元生坝管理站区域分布物种最多,为33种;其次为中心管理站区域,有24种;风水垭管理站区域最低,为14种。3物种数随海拔的升高先变大后变小,以900~1 300 m海拔段最为丰富,共有26种。4区系组成丰富,可划分为10分布类型与3个变型,以热带成分为主,温带成分次之,中国特有分布所占比例大,特有属1属(占4.8%),特有种11种(占25%)。

Orchidaceae which is highly evolved and regarded as the flagship group in plant conservation,and it is the second families in monocotyledonous plants.In order to master the fundamental status of orchids in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve ,we organized a special survey for orchids at the reserve to analyze its species composition,distribution and diversity characteristics.Here were the results ： ① Orchidaceae was rich at the reserve,44 species in 21 genera of Orchidaceae were listed.Among these species, 32 species were terrestrial, 9 species were epiphytic, 2 species were hemie--piphytic, 1 species was saprophytic,and the proportions ofrare andrarerwere high.②Inthe 3 management station areas,the most species,33,were dis- tributed in Yuanshengba Station area, 24 species were in the Central Station area, the least species, 14, were distributed in Fengshuiya Station area. ③ With the ascent of the altitude ,the number of species increased at first and then decreased ,but distribution was concentrated at an elevation of 900~ 1 300 meters ,where there were 26 species in total.④Floristie compositions were rich ,could be divided into 10 types and 3 variant.Tropical ingredients were the main, and followed were temperate-zone ones, and it was large proportion of Chinese endemic genera,which included 1 genera （accounting for 4.8%）, 11 species （accounting for 25%）.