共因原则与因果推理

The Common Cause Principle and Causal Inference

共因原则是赖欣巴哈在概率论形而上学基础上提出的一条因果关系形式,更重要的是,它是因果推理中一条新的经验规则。由于易错性,它发挥的作用受到了限制。然而,这并不能抹杀它对因果推理的重要意义。佩尔和SGS等人在经济学中将其发展为因果马可夫条件;范弗拉森等人将其应用到量子力学的基础问题上;瑞斯、苏亚雷斯和马佐拉等人将其作为一般性科学实践和科学证明的基础。

The common cause principle is a form of causation, which was put forward by Hans Heichenbach based on the metaphysics of probability theory. More importantly, it is a new experience rule in the causal inference. Its role is limited because of its fallibility. However, Judea Pearl and SGS et al developed it causal Markov condition in economics; Van Fraassen et al applied it to the basics of quantum mechanics; Julian Reiss, Mauricio Sugrez and Claudio Mazzokla et al took it as the basics of the general scientific practicing and proofing.