“并”在中古译经中的时间副词用法及其来源

The usage and source of the temporal adverb bing( 并) in medieval translation of Buddhist scriptures

中古汉译佛经中,"并"具有在未然语境中表示先发生的动作行为或事件时间的副词用法。"并"这种表先发时间的副词用法之产生,是由其所在的话语环境决定的。可概括为:1)一般只用于面对面的交谈语境中(或者是内心思维活动的语境),不用于一般的叙述语境。2)多用于未然语境,不用于已然语境,通常由说话人提出(或设定)行为动作或事件发生的先后顺序。从"并"常见的几种副词用法(总括、方式、协同)来看,都难以说明这些副词用法跟"并"的时间副词具有直接引申关系。本文通过考察,推测"并"的这种用法可能是受到另一时间副词"且"的影响而产生的。在相同的语境和句法位置上,"并"能够以连词义项(并列、递进)为基础发生类同引申,产生出与"且"表先发时间相同的新义项。"并"这种通过类同引申而产生的新用法不是其词义本身引申的结果,而是相同语境造成的。

In medieval Buddhist translations, bing( 并) is used as a temporal adverb in the contextof future, indicating that an event or action occurs earlier than another event or action. The context can be summarized as follows: 1) Generally, bing is only used in a face-to-face conversational context( or inner thinking activity) instead of a narrative one; 2) Bing is often used in the context of future instead of that of past. It is hard to prove that the temporal meaning of bing originates from other meanings of bing. This paper argues that the conjunctions bing and qie( 且) are often used in the same context and bing evolves into a temporal adverb under the influence of the temporal adverb qie.