羟基磷灰石及其复合材料增材制造研究现状

Additive Manufacture of Hydroxyapatite and Its Composites

由于羟基磷灰石与天然骨中的无机矿物相类似,具有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,可和宿主骨形成良好的化学键合,因此成为骨组织工程支架材料中常见的主要成分。骨组织工程支架具有个性化复杂结构,对制造工艺有较高要求,发泡法和冷冻干燥法等传统制造方法难以成形出具有复杂结构的个性化支架。增材制造技术利用计算机辅助设计,采用逐层制造并叠加的原理,理论上可成形出任何形状的三维实体零件。与传统制造工艺相比,该技术在精确制造复杂外部形状、内部微孔结构的骨组织工程支架方面有独特优势。综述了目前利用增材制造技术成形羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的最新研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展趋势。

Hydroxyapatite （HA）, which is similar to inorganic mineral in natural bones, is a main biomaterial for fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds due to its superior biocompatibility and bone conductibility. Bone tissue engineering scaffolds show a complex and customised structure, which has a greater requirement for manufacturing processes. However, it is difficult for the conventional manufacturing techniques such as foaming method and injection forming to create an ideal porous scaffold of artificial bones. Additive manufacture （AM） is capable of making any shapes of three-dimensional solid parts layer-by-layer by using computer-aided design models. Compared to the conventional processes, the AM shows some unique advantages in fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds with greater manufacturing accuracy, complex external shapes and internal micro-porous structures. This paper reviews the state of the art in the preparation and the AM process of HA and its composite materials, and proposes an outlook in this aspect.