地下室爆破拆除对紧邻建筑的危害控制

Hazards Control of Basement Explosive Demolition to Adjacent Building

为控制地下室爆破拆除过程中爆破冲击波和爆破振动对邻近保护建筑的危害,以某两层地下停车场部分区域爆破拆除为工程实例,通过冲击波理论对阵面超压进行计算,并验算了爆破振动大小,选取了合适的爆破方案,得到其破坏等级小于安全判据,满足安全生产要求。根据理论计算结果采取了相对应的泄压窗、防护排架、机械切割预处理的爆破冲击波控制措施和控制最大单响药量、优化爆破网路、增加药包与保留区域的距离的爆破振动控制措施来控制爆破危害。爆破效果结果表明:保留区域内结构没有受冲击波损伤,爆破振动峰值为1.05 cm/s,合理的爆破方案和机械预处理是保证爆破过程中控制危害的有效办法。

In order to control the harm of blasting shock wave and blasting vibration in the process of explosive demolition of basement,an explosive demolition of two storey underground parking were taken as an example. The overpressure was calculated by the shock wave theory,and the blasting vibration was also calculated based on the appropriate blasting scheme,by which the damage level was obtained less than the safety criterion according to the safety production requirement. Combined with the theoretical calculation results,some methods were used to control the blasting damage,such as setting the pressure relief window and door frame,mechanical cutting pretreatment,controlling maximum charge quantity,optimizing blasting network,increasing the distance between the reserved area and the blasting source. The blasting results show that the structure in the region was not influenced by the shock wave,and the peak value of blasting vibration was 1. 05 cm/s. Therefore,the reasonable blasting scheme and mechanical pretreatment are key to control the blasting damage.