鱼类生殖细胞移植技术的发展及应用前景

Development and application prospects of fish germ cell transplantation technology

鱼类生殖细胞移植技术是通过诱导不同物种之间生殖系嵌合体来实现。原始生殖细胞和精原细胞(或卵原细胞)是诱导生殖细胞系嵌合体的关键材料。在过去的十多年中,通过采用不同的供体生殖细胞和不同发育阶段(囊胚期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和成鱼)的鱼为受体,开发出多种鱼类生殖细胞移植技术。这些成果的取得,为生殖细胞移植技术应用于诸多水产养殖新兴领域打下了坚实基础。该技术可以应用于:(1)生殖细胞生物学和转基因鱼等基础研究;(2)遗传资源和濒危鱼种的保护;(3)鱼类性别选择育种;(4)有效提高放流鱼苗的遗传多样性。

This review introduces the development and applications of germ cell transplantation（GTC）（also called as surrogate production） as a newly emerging biotechnology. It is achieved by inducing germ-line chimerism between different species. Primordial germ cells（PGCs） and spermatogonial（or oogonia） are the key material of this technique. During the last decade, several different approaches have been developed for germ cell transplantation in fish, using different type of germ cell and recipients of various ages and life stages, such as blastula-stage embryos, newly hatched larvae and sexually mature specimens. All of these achievements give it advantages for application in many aquaculture research fields.（1） It has opened up new scenarios for the study of germ cell and niche biology and the possibility of generating transgenic fish.（2） Combined with the technique of cryopreservation of germ cell, whole testes and even whole fish, it could be a powerful tool for preserving valuable fish strains with desirable genetic traits and endangered species.（3） It presents a unique sex-selective breeding system that is superior to traditional endocrine sex control strategies.（4） It could serve as a novel and efficient method of producing fish seeds with increased genetic diversity for use in stock enhancement.