成年功能性构音障碍患者辅音错误类型及方式分析

Analysis of the Patterns and Types of Consonant Errors in Adults with Functional Articulation Disorders

目的探讨成年功能性构音障碍患者辅音发音错误的特点,为制定语音训练方案提供依据。方法以42例成年功能性构音障碍患者为研究对象,借助计算机语音工作站对患者进行语音评估,对其辅音的发音错误类型及方式进行分析。结果 42例成年功能性构音障碍患者主要的辅音发音错误类型为置换、扭曲,其次为脱落。按发音部位,错误辅音依次为舌尖后音(39例,92.86%)、舌尖前音(31例,73.81%)、舌面音(22例,52.38%)、舌根音(19例,45.24%)、舌尖中音(18例,42.86%)、唇齿音(6例,14.29%)及双唇音(6例,14.29%);辅音错误频率由高至低依次为/sh/、/zh/、/ch/、/r/、/z/、/c/、/s/、/q/、/x/、/j/、/g/、/k/、/h/、/t/、/l/、/d/、/f/、/p/。辅音错误方式有:舌前音化(22例,52.38%)、非送气化(12例,28.57%)、侧化构音(12例,28.57%)、辅音脱落(9例21.42%)、舌后音化(8例,19.05%)、舌面音化(4例,9.52%)、双唇音化(4例,9.52%)、唇齿音化(3例,7.14%)。结论成年功能性构音障碍患者的辅音发音错误类型主要是置换和扭曲;错误辅音主要为舌尖后音、舌尖前音、舌面音、舌根音、舌尖中音;辅音发音错误方式主要为舌前音化、非送气化、侧化构音、辅音脱落。

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of consonant errors in adults with functional articulation disorders（FAD）.Methods Speech evaluations were carried out on 42 adult subjects with FAD.Then the articulation patterns and types of erroneous consonants were classified and analyzed.Results The main erroneous articulation patterns of the adults were substitution,distortion,followed by omission.The abnormal consonants which were classified according to the place of articulation were found as follows：blade-palatal（39 cases）,supradental（31 cases）,lingua-palatal（22 cases）,velar（19 cases）,blade-alveolar（18 cases）,labiodental（6 cases）and bilabial consonant（6 cases）.Erroneous consonants which were sorted according to the error frequency by descending order lied in/sh/,/zh/,/ch/,/r/,/z/,/c/,/s/,/q/,/x/,/j/,/g/,/k/,/h/,/t/,/l/,/d/,/f/ and /p/.The error types were fronting of tongue（22 cases）,unaspiration（12 cases）,lateralization（12 cases）,omission（9 cases）,backing of tongue（8 cases）,replacement by lingua-palatal（4 cases）,bilabial（4 cases）and labiodental consonant（3 cases）.Conclusion The main erroneous articulation patterns of adults with FAD are substitution and distortion.The erroneous consonants are blade-palatal,supradental,lingua-palatal,velar and blade-alveolar.The error types are fronting of tongue,unaspiration,lateralization and omission.