从循证医学到循证实践的思辨与发展

Development and Controversy from Evidence-based Medicine to Evidence-based Practice

循证实践的基本概念源自循证医学。循证实践的支持者认为循证实践是包含了研究对象群体价值观及偏好的科学决策过程,是未来科学的发展方向;循证实践的批判者质疑循证实践中对专家意见考量的减低,认为剥离专家意见的实践证据案例是没有引用价值的,一味强调证据的功效却偏离了问题的本质。社会科学领域的循证实践有经验主义者与实用主义者之分,循证实践金字塔模型的"黄金标准"存在证据分级的争论,试验证据产生的可靠性和规范性也同样面临争论。

The basic concept of evidence-based practice came from evidence-based medicine.Proponents of evidence-based practice argued that evidence-based practice encompassed the scientific decision-making process of the values and preferences of the target population and was the future direction of science.Critics of evidence-based practice questioned the reduction of expert opinions in evidence-based practice,the practical evidence case of the dissociation of expert opinions was not quoted value,but emphasized the effect of evidence was deviated from the nature of the problem.Evidence-based practice in the field of social sciences was divided between empiricists and pragmatists.The gold standard of evidence-based practice pyramid model was controversial in evidence grading,and the reliability and normality of experimental evidence were also in dispute.