论《联合国反腐败公约》视野下的“没收违法所得”

On “Confiscate the Illegal Income” from the Perspective of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption

《联合国反腐败公约》在国际社会建立防治腐败的五大法律机制,对细化我国《刑法》第六十四条司法规则和刑事诉讼相关特别程序提出了更高的要求。将没收定位为附随不法评价的刑事处分,旨在改变侦诉部门用财产刑替代没收违法所得的惯性;明确没收原理是结束财产占有的不法状态,旨在清晰划定没收范围;合理估算违法所得的收益,旨在体现司法客观公正;在财产占有人缺席审理情形下明确证明标准,旨在实现刑事法对个人权利和社会经济秩序的双重保护。

The United Nations Convention against Corruption establishes five legal mechanisms in the international community which not only detail judicial rules of article 64 from the criminal law in China's Mainland, but also raise higher standard to the relevant special procedure in criminal procedure law. Confiscation defined as bundled criminal penalty of illegal evaluation, aims to alter the habitual practice of investigation department and prosecution department, who take property punishment as confiscation. Clarifying the principle of confiscation is a way to end the illegal status, which aims to make the range of confiscation clear. Calculating the interest properly from illegal income aims at reflecting the objectiveness and impartiality of judicature. Clarifying the proof standard under the circumstance of Property possessor＇ s absence aims to realize the dual protection of individual rights, and social and economic order.