斯宾诺莎认识论中自由问题的研究

The Research of Liberty in Spinoza's Epistemology

斯宾诺莎作为唯理论者,推崇理性的作用,认为知识必须建立在理性的基础上,在斯宾诺莎的哲学中,实体是基础,是认识的对象,而认识的目的是通过认识实体而达到至善的境界,实现人的自由和幸福。在某种意义上,他所理解的自由就是对必然性的认识,是对事物自身本性的必然性认识。斯宾诺莎把自由和人的理性、认识联系起来,把人的自由和人类知识相统一,指出理智、知识是人类获得自由的手段。

As a rationalist, Spinoza＇ s philosophy is under the influence of Descartes. He admired the role of reason. He asserted that knowledge must be based on rational. But he paid special attention to ethics and the pursuit of liberty and happiness. In Spinoza＇ s philosophy,substancd is the foundation and the object of knowledge. The purpose of cogni- tion is though cognizing the substance to the highest good and acquiring human＇ s liberty and happiness. In a sense,the liberty he understood is the knowledge of inevitability, especially the knowledge of the inevitability of the nature of things themselves. Spinoza stressed that everything is in causal necessity. All things are in the certainty of God, and human being is no exception. When a person under the guidance of reason realized the inevitability of his own nature, from passively driven by nature became acting in accordance with the law of na- ture,he got the liberty. Spinoza related liberty to human being＇ s reason and cognition,uni- fied human being＇s liberty and knowledge, and pointed out that the reason and knowledge were the means of human being＇s liberty.