黑龙江玉米主产区不同基因型玉米氮素利用效率分析

Nitrogen use efficiency analysis of different genotypes of maize in main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang

为选育氮高效品种,减少氮肥施用量,试验以黑龙江省24个不同基因型玉米品种为材料,采用盆栽方式,在N200 kg·hm^(-2)氮水平下研究抽雄期玉米品种干物质积累、总氮含量、氮素干物质生产效率、氮吸收速率、氮肥利用效率,分析各玉米品种干物质积累及氮利用率特性,为黑龙江省氮高效玉米品种选育和栽培提供理论依据。根据聚类分析结果,将24个不同基因型品种分为低氮高效型(Ⅰ)、低氮中效型(Ⅱ)和低氮低效型(Ⅲ),分别占12.5%,37.5%和50.0%。Ⅰ型品种各项指标均显著高于其他品种。相关分析表明,氮素干物质生产效率与总干重、总氮含量、氮吸收速率呈极显著正相关,与氮肥利用效率呈显著正相关;通径分析表明,氮素干物质生产效率与总干重呈显著相关,总干重对氮素干物质生产效率贡献较大。

In order to choose nitrogen efficient varieties and reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, we took of 24 different genotypes of maize as experimental materials in Heilongjiang Province, a pot experiment was carried out in N200 kg. hm2 levels of nitrogen, studied dry matter accumulation, total nitrogen content, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, nitrogen uptake rate, nitrogen use efficiency of maize at tasseling stage, to analyze dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization characteristic of different maize varieties, and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and efficient cultivation of nitrogen efficiency maize varieties in Heilongjiang Province. According to the results of cluster analysis, 24 different genotypes were divided into low nitrogen efficient type （I）, low nitrogen efficient type （11） and low nitrogen inefficient type （111）, accounting for 12.5%, 37.5% and 50.0%, respectively. Type I varieties were significantly higher than the other two varieties in various indices. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was extremely significant positive correlation to total dry weight, total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake efficiency, significant positive correlation to nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. Path analysis showed that nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was significantly correlated with total dry weight, and total dry weight contributed significantly to nitrogen dry matter production efficiency.