辛亥时期的惩办汉奸与南北统一

Chastising Hanjian and North-South Unification, 1911-1912

辛亥南北和议期间,对汉奸的口诛笔伐成为稳固新生政权和鼓吹北伐的重要方面。针对汉奸的宣传和行动,造成通过北伐将清朝统治地区的汉奸绳之以法的强大声势,对于那些仍然希望保留君主体制的政治势力产生了强烈冲击。包括强迫剪辫和追凶在内的惩奸行事引发北方一些报刊的非议,而从和议到统一,政坛波谲云诡,昔日的汉奸不断转身成为共和的元勋。时势变化引起汉奸判断尺度的差异,不但造成各地光复政权之间的裂痕,而且使得领袖与基层出现严重分歧。随着五族共和的实现,满奴汉奸的指称总体上趋于减少,"汉奸"一词逐渐回到卖国求荣的原意。

During the North-South Conference of 1911-1912,the condemnation of hanjian played an important role in strengthening the new regime and agitating for Northern Expedition.Through the anti-hanjian propaganda and the corresponding actions,the claim that the hanjian under the rule of the Qing government could no longer escape from justice after Northern Expedition gained momentum and imposed a tremendous impact on the supporters of monarchy.However,the anti-hanjian actions,including enforcing cutting the queue and tracing criminals,incurred criticism from some newspapers and magazines in northern China.Furthermore,as politics was changing and unpredictable,more and more politicians who had been denounced as hanjian became founders of the Republic of China.Due to differences in the criteria for hanjian,rifts among revolutionary regional authorities and serious disagreements between the leaders and the local politicians came into existence.After the realization of the principle ofFive Races Under One Union(wu zu gong he),there was a decrease in the occurrence of condemning the Qing governments supporters as hanjian,and the termhanjianwas defined by its original meaning:traitors to the nation.