2013年~2015年广东地区实验小鼠和大鼠微生物学及寄生虫学调查

Microbiological and parasitological investigation in laboratory mice and rats in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2015

目的调查2013~2015年广东地区实验小鼠和大鼠的病原携带情况。方法本文涉及的样品主要来源于监督检测的抽样样品和委托检测的送样样品,共收集到广东省12家监督单位和32家委托单位样品。按照国家标准要求的项目及标准外的螺杆菌和小鼠诺如病毒进行检测。结果监督检测和委托检测结果存在较大差异。3年中监督检测的小鼠检出4种病原,包括绿脓杆菌(0.7%)、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌(0.3%)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(0.7%)和鞭毛虫(1.7%),未检出病毒;大鼠检出1种病原即嗜肺巴斯德杆菌(1.1%),未检出病毒和寄生虫。委托检测的小鼠检出15种病原,包括绿脓杆菌(3.7%)、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌(5.2%)、支原体(1.9%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(0.7%)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(0.8%)、螺杆菌(45.3%),小鼠肝炎病毒(8.5%)、小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒(7.0%)、小鼠诺如病毒(16.2%)、鼠痘病毒(0.3%)、小鼠细小病毒(0.5%)、仙台病毒(0.1%)、鞭毛虫(11.7%)、蠕虫(1.0%)、体外寄生虫(0.1%)。大鼠检出8种病原,包括绿脓杆菌(3.4%)、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌(8.6%)、支原体(0.9%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.9%)、泰泽病原体(4.8%)、大肠杆菌(1.0%)、大鼠细小病毒H-1株(3.0%)、大鼠冠状病毒(1.0%),未检出寄生虫。其中,实验小鼠7种病原,包括绿脓杆菌、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌、螺杆菌、鞭毛虫、小鼠肝炎病毒、小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒和小鼠诺如病毒,大鼠2种病原,包括金黄色葡萄球菌和泰泽病原体,检出范围广、检出率较高,而且存在区域分布特点,即设施污染后能在多次送检的动物中检出这些病原。结论本研究获得广东省实验大小鼠病原流行情况和分布,这些数据的统计为我国实验动物质量标准的制订提供基础数据,同时也为各动物实验设施的质量控制方案制订提供依据。

Objective To investigate the microbial and parasitic infection in laboratory mice and rats in Guangdong province from 2013 to 2015. Methods The samples of mice and rats were collected from 12 supervised and 32 entrusting institutions in Guangdong province. The test items and methods were determined according to the national standards, additionally, the test of Helicobacter and Murine Norovirus were added in some samples. Results There were major differences between the results of supervisory test and commission test. There were 4 pathogens detected in mice during the 3-year supervisory tests, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa （0.7%） , Pasteurella pneumotropica （0.3%） , Klebsiella pneumoniae （0. 7% ） and Flagellates （ 1.7% ） , and with on virus. Meanwhile, only Pasteurella pneumotropica （1.1%） was detected in rats. In contrast, there were 15 pathogens found in commission test of mice, and they were Pseudomonas aeruginosa （3.7%）, Pasteurella pneumotropica （5.2%）, Mycoplasma spp （1.9%）, Staphylococcus aureus （0. 7% ）, Klebsiella pneumoniae （0. 8% ）, Helicobacter （45.3%）, MHV （8.5%）, TMEV （7.0%）, MNV （16.2%）, Ect. （0. 3% ）, MVM （0.5%）, SV （0. 1% ）, flagellates （ 11.7% ）, helminths （ 1.0% ） and ectoparasites （0.1%）. At the same time, 8 pathogens were detected in rats, i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa （3.4%）, Pasteurella pneumotropica （ 8.6% ）, Mycoplasma spp （ 0.9% ）, Staphylococcus aureus （ 2.9% ）, Tyzzer＇ s organism （4. 8% ）, Escherichia coli （1.0%）, H-1 （3.0%） and RCV （1.0%）. Some pathogens showed high detection ranges and rates, and had characteristics of regional distribution, which could be tested repeatedly in contaminated facilities, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PasteureUa pneumotropica, Helicobacter, flagellates, MHV, TMEV and MNV in mice, as well as Staphylococcus aureus and Tyzzer＇s organism in rats. Conclusions This study investigated the prevalence and contamination of pathogens in mice and rats in Guangdong province from 2013 to 2015, which provides important references for production, administration, application and revision of standards of laboratory animals.