树木年轮学综论

A comprehensive review on dendrochronology

树木年轮学是一门研究年轮特性,并利用年轮来定年和分析过去环境变化的科学,其学科内涵却不仅限于对活树或原木或木制品精确定年,还可利用年轮固有的信息追索或重建自然环境演变的历史过程,利用年轮鉴定古建筑、古文物、古艺术品的年代。本综论包括4部分:(1)树木年轮学概述:对树木年轮学的概念、研究对象、形成简史进行扼要的论述。(2)对学科的基本原理和研究方法进行了要述,其中,交叉定年、年轮匹配、年轮衔接或年轮桥接法是关键技术,它是核实树木年轮的真实年龄和建立树木年表史重要的手段。其次,生态幅度(敏感性原理)对研究对象树木取样是非常重要的原理和方法。(3)本学科在应用和发展中已分化为下列主要学科:树轮年表学;树轮生物学;树轮气候学;树轮火灾学;树轮地貌学;树轮化学、树轮考古学。其中以树轮年表学、树轮气候学和树轮考古学取得更多的成果,甚至是惊人的,如欧洲取得了数千年以至万年的树轮年表史。树木年轮学产生和发迹于树轮气候学,它主要成果体现于建立有关地区古气候的复原史。(4)展望了树木年轮学今后本学科发展的新阶段,本学科将进入年轮木材细胞学水平,不再局限于以年轮的宽度为主要研究对象;图像识别技术将取代肉眼观测。

Dendrochronology is the study of growth rings properties, and use the rings to dating and analyze the past the science of environmental change, but the discipline connotation is not limited to determine years to a fine living trees or log or wood, still can use rings inherent information recover or reconstruct the natural environment evolution of the historical process, using the rings s for the identification of ancient buildings, ancient cultural relics, ancient art. The contents of this article are composed of four subjects. （1） A survey on dendrochronology including its definition, its research objects and its brief developing process are pointed. （2） The principles and research methods of dendrochronology are briefly described, among those, crossdating, matching of tree-ring, connection of tree-ring or bridge of tree-ring are the key technology to precise date of tree-ring. It is an important means to verify the true age and the establishment the chronology of trees history. Secondly, the ecological amplitude （sensitivity principles） are the vital principle and method for selecting desirable samples site and sample tree for researcher＇s purpose. （3） Along with the extensive and deep development of this discipline. The applied fields has been differentiated into more secondary disciplines as follows： Tree ring chronology, dendrobiology, dendroclimatology. Tree ring fire science, dendro-geomorphoiogy, dendrochemistry, and dendroarcheology. Among those, a lot of achievements were obtained in dendroclimatology, taking Europe for instance, the chronology of trees history was obtained for thousands of years, from which dendrochronology is originated, and by which the history of ancient climate can be rebuilt in many areas. （4） Nowadays, the development of dendrochronology has entered a new stage, of which it is characterized by cytology level of perfect information. No longer limited to ring width as the main object of study. Moreover, the observation of naked eye will be gradually replaced by the image recognition technology.