“三留守”乡村的社会秩序及其再造

The Social Order of “Three Kinds of Staff Left Behind” Countryside and Its Reconstruction

我国乡村存在着"三留守"问题,并且已经对我国乡村的社会结构和社会秩序构成了很大的挑战,导致乡村的失序和失范。而"三留守"人员既是乡村秩序失范的受害者,也在一定范围内构成了对乡村秩序的破坏和威胁。留守少年儿童、妇女和老人由于各自不同的社会生存与适应能力,其在社会秩序中的行为方式不尽相同,受害和施害的状况也各异。面对这一现实,破除城乡二元体制特别是城乡二元户籍制度的弊病,借助国家供给制度规范、加强乡村组织以承载村民自治、利用利益机制引导村民参与等来再造乡村秩序已经迫在眉睫。

There have been problems of ＂three kinds of staff left behind＂ in Chinese rural areas, and they have posed a great challenge to the social structure and social order in rural areas, which is mainly manifested as the disorder and anomie of rural areas. The left-behind staff is not only the victim of rural disorder, but also the destruction and threat to the rural order in a certain range. Due to their different social survival ability and adaptability, the behaviors of children, women and the elder left behind are not same, the situations of victimization and harm also are different. Facing this reality, getting rid of dual system especially the household registration system, strengthening the supply system of rural organizations to carry the villagers＇ autonomy, using the interest mechanism to guide the villagers to participate have been imminent.