Identification and Selection of Wheat Genotypes with High Phosphorus Use Efficiency at Adult Stage in Huang-huai Wheat Area

黄淮麦区小麦成株期磷高效基因型的鉴定和筛选（英文）

[Objective] This study was conducted to select wheat varieties with high P use efficiency. [Method] A field experiment was carried out with 112 wheat germplasm varieties as experiment materials under normal （NP） and low phosphorus （LP） conditions, and with Jimai 22 as control, genotypes with high P use efficiency and excellent yield traits were selected. [Result] Compared with NP treatment, 8 wheat yield-related traits, spike number per plant, thousand-grain weight plant height, spike length, fertile spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant and above-land weight per plant, and 3 P content traits, grain, straw and above-land P contents per plant decreased significantly under LP condition （P〈〈 0.05）, while 3 P utilization efficiency traits, grain, straw and aboveground P utilization efficiencies increased obviously, indicating that low P stress would greatly reduce yield and P content of wheat at adult stage, but would remarkably improve P utilization efficiency. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, fertile spikelet number per spike and grain weight per plant and straw and above-land P concentrations were in significant positive correlation with 3 P content traits, grain, straw and above-land P contents per plant, and in significant negative correlation with 2 Putilization efficiency traits, straw and above-land P utilization efficiencies （P〈0.01）, and could serve as indexes for preliminary rapid evaluation of P use efficiency. Under NP treatment, 17 genotypes with high P use efficiency were selected, and among them, Hanxuan H28, 2010 Pin 4891 and Zhoumai 28 showed grain weights per plant higher than Jimai 22 by 36.07%, 31.96% and 37.44%, respectively, and above-land P utilization efficiency higher than Jimai 22 by 49.34%, 49.42% and 33.05%, respectively; and under LP treatment, 10 genotypes with high P use efficiency were selected, and among them, Henong 826 showed grain weight per plant and above-land P utilization efficiency higher than Jimai 22 by 37.60% and 20.42%, respectively. Furthermore, Hanxuan H23, Hanxuan H28 and Xumai 856 were identified as genotypes with high P use efficiency under both NP and LP treatments. [Conclusion] This study provides good parent materials for breeding of varieties with high P use efficiency.

[目的]快速筛选磷高效基因型小麦品种。[方法]以黄淮麦区112份小麦品种(系)为材料,设置正常磷和低磷2个磷处理,通过大田池栽试验,对小麦成株期19个与产量及磷效率相关性状进行分析,并以济麦22为对照,筛选磷效率和产量均表现优异的磷高效基因型。[结果]与正常磷处理相比,低磷条件下,小麦的8个产量性状(单株穗数、千粒重、株高、穗长、可育小穗数、穗粒数、单株粒重和地上单株总重)和3个磷积累量性状(单株籽粒、单株秸秆和单株地上总磷积累量)均显著下降,而3个磷利用效率性状(籽粒、秸秆和地上总磷利用效率)均显著增加,说明低磷胁迫会使小麦成株期的产量和磷积累量大大降低,但明显提高磷利用效率;相关性分析发现,株高、可育小穗数和单株粒重与秸秆和地上单株含磷量和3个磷积累量性状均呈显著正相关,与2个磷利用效率性状呈显著负相关(P≤0.01),可以作为磷效率的初步快评指标。正常磷处理下筛选出17个磷高效基因型,其中旱选H28、2010品4891和周麦28的单株粒重比济麦22分别高出36.07%、31.96%和37.44%,地上总磷利用效率比济麦22分别高出49.34%、49.42%和33.05%;低磷处理下筛选出10份磷高效基因型,其中河农826的单株粒重和地上总磷利用效率分别比济麦22高出37.69%和20.42%;另外,旱选H23、旱选H28和徐麦856在正常磷和低磷处理下均被鉴定为磷高效基因型,可能具有较高的育种价值。[结论]该研究为培育磷高效品种提供了原始亲本材料。