短季棉生育期性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Growth Traits in Short Season Cotton

【目的】研究短季棉生育期的遗传规律,为棉花早熟性状QTL定位和分子标记辅助育种提供理论基础。【方法】利用四个陆地棉品种构建两个杂交群体,采用主基因+多基因联合世代分析,对棉花早熟性相关的播种-开花(Flowering time,FT),花铃期(Flowering and boll-setting period,FBP),全生育期(Whole growing period,WGP)这三个性状进行遗传分析。【结果】两个组合,除组合Ⅱ中F1的花铃期和F2的播种-开花期偏向晚熟亲本外,其他表型性状均偏向早熟亲本,但总体偏早熟亲本;组合Ⅰ及组合Ⅱ的相同性状均符合同一个遗传模型,且均受两对主基因控制。【结论】三个表型性状是由主基因和多个微效基因共同作用,且主要由主基因控制;三个表型性状的遗传力高,且加性效应大。

[ Objective] To study the genetic law of short- season cotton growth period. [ Method] Our study utilized four upland cotton cultivars to construct two crosses and analyzed three traits （Flowering time FT, Flowering and boll - setting period FBP, Whole growing period WGP） of growth period using the joint segregation analysis method of mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. [ Result] The results from phenotypic analysis showed that： the other phenotypic traits were in favor of the early - maturing parent and the partial early - maturing parent, except for the combination of F1 in the blooming stage and F2 sowing - flowering stage. The genetic analysis results showed that： the same traits of the combination I and II were in accordance with the same genetic model, and were controlled by two pairs of major genes. [ Conclusion] It can be seen from the heritability of major genes and polygenes, the three phenotypic traits were mainly controlled by the major genes and the minor genes, the heritability of the three phenotypic traits is high, and the additive effect is large. This study could provide a theoretical basis for QTL mapping and molecular marker assisted breeding of cotton early maturing traits.