宋代辞赋的灾害书写

Disaster Description in Fu of Song Dynasty

宋代灾害种类多,危害大,宋人异常关注灾害。宋代辞赋中写了旱灾、水灾、风灾、雪灾等主要灾害,描绘了可怕的灾荒图景及给百姓带来的严重危害。宋人意识到兴修水利是解决水旱问题的关键所在。赋家歌颂了大禹治水与李冰修筑都江堰的丰功伟绩,提出以水治水、按自然规律来治理灾害的思想。巫术消灾在宋人的救灾中占据着重要位置,他们或求龙降雨,或触动石头降雨,或向上天控诉旱魃罪恶祈雨。宋代辞赋家普遍相信天降灾荒,是人类的不良作为招来了上天降灾惩戒,提出以德政去除灾害。也有一些赋家认为某些灾害源于人祸。

Disasters caused by drought, flood, wind and snow were described in Fu of the Song Dynasty. The great achievements of Dayu on controlling the flood and Li Bing on building the Dujiangyan irrigation system were praised and the idea that the disasters should be governed in a natural way was proposed. It can be seen from the description that people in the Song Dynasty paid more attention to dispel disasters by witchcraft. Generally, the Fu writers believed that the disasters were brought forth by the Heaven and they were caused by people＇s bad activi- ties; therefore, benevolent rule could remove the disasters. Nevertheless, there were writers thought that some dis- asters came from man- made calamities.