铜仁市2011～2015年吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

Analysis of AIDS sentinel surveillance results of drug users in Tongren City from 2011 to 2015

目的了解铜仁市＂十二五＂期间吸毒人群艾滋病病毒（HIV）、梅毒和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的流行趋势与行为学特征变化,评价吸毒人群艾滋病防治效果,为制定艾滋病防控策略提供依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案操作手册》要求,对2011~2015年监管场所及社区吸毒人员进行一对一问卷调査,并采集血液进行HIV、梅毒、HCV检测。结果 2011~2015年共监测吸毒人员4066人,平均年龄（32.31±8.65）岁,艾滋病相关知识知晓率从2011年的81.7%上升到2015年的98.6%,发生商业性行为的比例从2011年的28.3%上升到2015年的48.1%,每次使用安全套的比例从2011年的15.8%上升到2015年的35.9%,最近一个月共用针具的比例从2011年的20.7%下降到2015年的7.1%;HIV、梅毒、HCV阳性检出率分别波动为5.1%~0.6%、2.0%~3.2%、46.5%~22.4%。结论铜仁市吸毒人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率有了明显提升,HIV感染率逐年下降,梅毒感染率维持在较低水平,但HCV感染率较高,吸毒人群仍存在共用针具和无保护商业性行为等导致艾滋病性病流行的诸多危险因素,应继续加大对吸毒人群的宣传教育和行为干预力度,遏制艾滋病的流行和蔓延。

Objective To explore the epidemic trends and changes in behavioral characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）,syphilis and hepatitis C virus（HCV） among drug users during the 12 th Five-Year Plan,assess the control efficacy of AIDS among them,and provide evidence for AIDS prevention and control strategies.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the National Operation Manual for AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Implementation Plan,face to face questionnaire survey was conducted on drug users in surveillance places and communities from 2011 to 2015,and their blood was collected for HIV,syphilis and HCV tests.Results A total of 4,066 drug users（mean age：32.31±8.65 years old） were monitored from 2011 to 2015.The awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was increased from 81.7%in 2011 to 98.6%in 2015,the rate of commercial sex intercourse from 28.3%in 2011 to 48.1%in 2015,and the rate of condom use per sex intercourse from 15.8%in 2011 to 35.9%in 2015;the rate of needle sharing in the last month was decreased from20.7%in 2011 to 7.1%in 2015;the fluctuation ranges of the detection rates of HIV,syphilis and HCV were5.1%~0.6%,2.0%~3.2%and 46.5%~22.4%,respectively.Conclusion Among drug users in Tongren,the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge is greatly improved,the infection rate of HIV declines year by year,the infection rate of syphilis remains at a low level,but that of HCV is still high.Drug users still have needle sharing,unprotected commercial sex intercourse and many other risk factors leading to AIDS/STD epidemic.We should continue to make more efforts to promote public education and behavioral intervention for drug users to curb the epidemic and spread of AIDS.