从开拓意象到在地演变——开漳圣王信仰在清代英荷南洋属地的跨海网络

A Discussion of the Transboundary Network of the Belief of the “Sacred Prince,Developer of Zhangzhou” in British and Dutch Colonies in Nanyang during the Qing Dynasty

南洋各地的开漳圣王信众,正如其他神明香火下南洋,出现近代西方殖民地新港口,又是重叠昔日南海丝路聚族立庙,反映他们自发延续祖先航路,走向国际商贸和域外开发,树大根深。随着地方脉络演变,中华传统提倡崇德报功,国际港口人来人往,使得一村族亲发起的庙祀亦可能转化为同姓或异姓联宗,扩大原有实力,保护大众共同码头/开拓区。而先民以崇奉祖神洒血流汗开拓土地,其实是延续《礼记》"祖""社"观念的民间实践,把人视为实现神圣价值观的载体,认为土地资源只有通过文化与价值观才能体现意义,以信仰文化呈现个人安身立命到集体开枝散叶的神圣主权。

The temples of the ＂Sacred Prince, Developer of Zhangzhou＂ appeared in most of the major ports of British and Dutch colonies along South China Sea and Malacca Strait during the Qing dynasty as a result of the Chinese settlers spontaneously following their ancestral maritime silk road. In the context of local situation, the Sacred Prince temples always served as the canter of the collective jetties and settlements, some of the those temples founded by the settlers of small clans, and others founded by alliance of clans, representing broader identity. Anyway, the founders or successors of such temples could expand their influences by opening them to the public and through their alliance with other clans or groups for the enhancement of common sovereignty. In fact, the worship of the Sacred Prince as a symbol of identity also reflected the relations between ＂ancestor＂and＂spirit of community＂ as the folk practice of teachings of The Book of Rites. Such teachings emphasized ＂One-self＂ shall be the carrier of ＂ancestor＂and ＂spirit of community＂ by practicing Chinese ancestral culture and sacred values. And only through such conscious carrier could the land resources became meaningful, showing its sacred values.