光肩星天牛取食后复叶槭挥发物的释放机制

Emission mechanism of volatile compounds from ashleaf maple feeding-damaged by Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.).

阔叶植物叶片通常释放少量的挥发物 ,但是当受到害虫取食后植物会释放大量的物质 ,并且其挥发物的指纹图谱与未被损伤的植株相比大不相同 .这些挥发物在植物 -害虫 -害虫天敌之间的关系中起着非常重要的作用 .为了进一步了解昆虫取食植物后挥发物的释放机制 ,作者选用复叶槭 (Acernegundo)和光肩星天牛 (Anoplophoraglabripennis (Motsch .) )为试验材料 ,利用气相色谱和质谱联用 (GC MS)检测挥发物 .在天牛取食后大多数物质在 9h的释放率达到第一个峰值 (β 蒎烯、六氢法尼烯基丙酮、乙酸苯乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、水杨酸甲酯、syn 2 甲基丁醛肟除外 ) .在经过短时间下降后又逐渐上升 ,至天牛取食后 48h达到最大值 .只有 β 蒎烯、3 蒈烯、桉树脑、D 柠檬烯、trans 香叶基丙酮、苯甲酸甲酯、苯乙酮、苯并噻唑等物质在 72h达到最大 ,而syn 丁醛肟、1 ,3 ,3 三甲基 2 甲烯二氢吲哚在咬食 1h后就达到峰值 .天牛咬食诱导出的复叶槭挥发物 (即在正常植株中未被检测到的物质 )种类随时间的变化逐渐增加 ,在 48h达到 1 7种 .

Normally the leaves of broad leaf plant release small amount of volatile compounds, but after feeding damaged by herbivorous insects large amount of volatiles is released, and the profile of the emitted volatiles is markedly different from those of undamaged plants. These volatile compounds play an important role in the relationship among the plants, herbivorous insects and their natural enemies. To further understand the releasing mechanism of the volatile compounds from plants feeding damaged by herbivory, ashleaf maple ( Acer negundo ) and Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch. were used as experiment materials. The feeding time was 72 hours. The volatile compounds were detected by GC MS. The emission rate of most volatile compounds reached the first peak 9 hours after the ashleaf maple was infested except decanal, β pinene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, phenethyl acetic acid, methyl benzoic acid, methyl salicylate and syn 2 methyl butyl aldoxime. After then they decreased for a while, and then increased gradually and reached the maximum at 48 hours. However, the emitted amount of β pinene, 3 carene, eucalyptole, D limonene, eucalyptole, trans geranyl acetone, methyl benzoic acid, acetophenone and benzothiazole reached the top at 72 hours whereas syn 2 methyl butyl aldoxime, 1,3,3 trimethyl 2 methylene indoline reached the top only 1 hour after the plant was feeding damaged. After feeding damage, the sorts of the volatiles induced only by A. glabripennis were gradually increased and finally reached to 17 at 48 hours.