中美疯癫主题小说比较——以《飞越杜鹃巢》《尘埃落定》两部小说为例

A Comparative Study on Chinese and the U.S. Madness Novels:Exemplified with Leap Cuckoos Nest and The Dust Has Settled

福柯《疯癫与文明》一书从历史学的角度叙述了疯癫与理性的关系,阐述了一段欧洲的疯癫史。可以看到,整个疯癫史是在人与自然、人与人甚至人与自身的不断分裂的过程中不断进行的。在这段辗转的行程中,疯癫与理性、道德、历史、文化、宗教、体制等互相沟通和斗争。疯癫被掩盖的存在和意义在福柯极富逻辑、有条不紊的陈述中显现出来,摆脱了枷锁。本文以福柯的疯癫史为基础进行了中美当代疯癫主题小说比较研究。中美"疯癫"文学与福柯关于疯癫的哲学观点的相互印证,使这一命题无论在文学上还是哲学上都有了更加具有真理性的发展。

Foucault＇s Madness and Civilization describes from the historical angle the relation between madness and reasoning to show a historical period of madness in Europe. It can be seen that the whole madness history has been developing along with the continuous fission between man and nature, between man and man, and even between man and himself. During the uneven process, madness has been communicating and fighting with reasoning, morality, history, culture, religion, and system. The covered existence and meaning of madness emerge in Foucault＇s logical and appropriate narration to be freed from the earlier chains. Based on Foucault＇s madness history, this article is a comparative study of Chinese and the U.S. madness novels. Both Chinese and the U.S. madness novels have justified Foucault＇s philosophical ideas on madness, which develops the proposition to a more sensible and truthful orientation from both literary and philosophical perspectives.