汉代歌诗语言视阈下的乐舞辨析

An Analysis on Musical Dance under the Perspective of Language in Han Dynasty Poems

中国古代文学和乐舞的学科边缘交叉是一个亟待拓展和研究的课题。本文以汉代诗歌和乐舞的关系为切入点,将汉文学乐府歌诗和汉乐舞相结合,是基于对中国古代乐舞综合性质的认同和考定。将汉代歌诗看作是汉代乐舞的"脚本"或"台本",即舞辞。同时结合歌诗的文学语言价值,在对歌诗语言的文本细读中找到乐舞艺术语言的"蛛丝马迹",从而为我们捕捉、理清、认知汉代乐舞找到一个文学依据,为已经消失、不可见的汉代乐舞找到艺术之根,更为中国古代诗歌的研究开拓一个新的研究视角和领域。本文立足于古代诗、乐、舞三位一体的基本史观1,参考借鉴文学、历史学、语言学、音乐学、考古学等学科的优秀成果,采用多学科边缘交叉的方法,为我们探索和研究古代乐舞提供一定的线索和依据,展示歌诗语言文学价值以外的艺术魅力,即诗歌的可唱、可舞、可诵。将文学性质的汉代歌诗与艺术领域的汉代音乐、舞蹈相结合,不啻为诗、乐、舞三位一体的史观在文学、艺术理论上的一次探索和尝试。

The disciplinary overlapping between Chinese ancient literature and musical dance needs to be developed and studied. Taking the relationship between the Han Dynasty poetry and the musical dance as the breakthrough point, this article compares the Han Dynasty poetry and Hart musical dance to recognize and analysis the comprehensive quality of the ancient Chinese musical dance. It regards the Han Dynasty poems as the ＂scripts＂ or ＂playscript with stage directions＂ of the Han Dynasty musical dance , i.e. dance script. Meanwhile, based on the evaluation of literary language in song poems, it searches in the text of song poetry language ＂evidence＂ of the language of musical dance art to find a literature basis for us to capture, clear up, and understand the Han Dynasty musical dance, to find the artistic root the disappearing and invisible in Han Dynasty musical dance, and the most important, to exploit a new research perspective and field for the study of Chinese ancient poetry. Based on the basic historical views of a trinity of ancient poetry, music, and dance, this article refers to the outstanding achievements in literature, history, linguistics, musicology, and archaeology, and adopts the multidisciplinary method to offer some clues and basis for us to explore and research the ancient musical dance, thus showing the artistic charm of song poetry apart from its linguistic charm, i.e., it can be sung, danced, and chanted. It is truly valuable exploration and trial to combine literary Han Dynasty song poetry with Han Dynasty music and dance to form the historical view of the trinity of poetry, music, and dance.