俄罗斯黄花草木樨改良退化土壤的多功能研究

Study on the Functions of Melilotus officinalis from Russian on Degraded Soil Improvement

针对中国土壤退化的严重情况,采用引进的俄罗斯黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)对酸性低盐基土壤、重盐碱化土壤与煤矿区重金属污染土壤相继开展了专项改良试验。结果表明,俄罗斯黄花草木樨可以在酸性土壤中种植,有改良酸性低盐基土壤,使其增盐、增碱,增加矿物质和有机养分的作用,有明显的生态环境改良效果;黄花草木樨可以有效改良重盐碱土(pH 8.5~9.5),使土壤脱盐、脱碱,增加有机养分,提高盐碱撂荒草地的草谷产量,产生经济、环境效益;用俄罗斯黄花草木樨改良煤矿区重金属污染土壤,发现该牧草对重金属元素具有较强的富集、转移功能,对土壤中的Cd、Ni等有毒元素的"排除"效果尤为显著,从而产生了明显的修复效应。系列试验表明,俄罗斯黄花草木樨有改良退化土壤的多种功能,因而具有推广应用价值。

To improve the serious situation of soil degradation in China,the improvement effects of Melilotus officinalis form Russian on the low base saturation acid soil,the alkaline-saline soil and the heavy metal contaminated soil were studied.The results showed that Melilotus officinalis form Russian could improve the low base saturation acid soil,increase the salt,alkali content,mineral nutrition and organic nutrient,which indicated that the M.officinalis could grow in the acid soil,and had a significantly ecological effect on soil improvement.M.officinalis has achieved a remarkable effect on improving the alkaline-saline soil（pH 8.5~9.5）,the soil desalted,dealkalized and had more organic nutrient than before,what＇s more,M.officinalis could improve the alkaline-saline soil and had the ability to enrich and transform heavy metal elements,especially the Cd and Ni.So it also has a repair effect on soil improvement.Therefore,M.officinalis form Russian has multiple-effects on degraded soil improvement,and it is worthy of application and popularization.