Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子及其生物医学应用研究进展

Progress in Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanoparticles and its application in biomedical fields

Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子因具有生物相容性、比表面积大、低毒性和高饱和磁化强度等优点,使其被广泛应用于生物医学领域。本文简单介绍了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的制备方法,包括共沉淀法、微乳液法、热分解法、水热法、溶胶-凝胶法、生物合成法等,并对共沉淀法、热分解法和水浴法3种常用制备方法的优缺点进行了比较;重点阐述了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的表面修饰,包括有机小分子修饰、有机高分子修饰和无机纳米材料修饰;重点论述了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子在生物医学领域的应用研究,主要包括核磁共振成像、药物递送体系、蛋白质和核酸分离、血液净化以及肿瘤热疗等,充分显示了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子在生物医学领域的应用价值;最后指出Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子今后的主要发展方向和亟待解决的问题。

Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanoparticles possess good biocompatibility,large specific surface area,low toxicity, and high saturation magnetization, etc, so they are widely used in biomedical applications. The preparation methods of Fe_3O_4,including co-precipitation method,microemulsion method,high temperature heat decomposition method,hydrothermal method,sol-gel method and biosynthesis,are introduced in this paper and the advantages and disadvantages of co-precipitation method,hydrothermal method and high temperature heat decomposition method are also compared. The functionalization of Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanoparticles are reviewed, including small organic molecules,organic polymers,and inorganic nanomaterials. The application and research of Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical fields are reviewed,including magnetic resonance imaging,drug delivery systems,protein and nucleic acid isolation,blood purification and tumor hyperthermia. Finally,some problems and perspectives in these research areas are outlined.