山羊绒纤维鉴别技术的现状与发展趋势

Current situation and development trend of cashmere identification technology

主要阐述采用物理方法、化学方法、生物技术方法对山羊绒与羊毛进行鉴别。其中,光学显微镜法是山羊绒鉴别中比较成熟的一种鉴别方法,但其由于放大倍数低和无法观察纤维表面的形态等缺点导致误判率较高。扫描电子显微镜法和原子力显微镜法鉴别准确率较高,但因为鉴别的成本高,多应用于研究院所的科学研究。溶液法和染色法是上世纪由技术人员发明的山羊绒与羊毛的鉴别方法,由于鉴别的准确率不高,技术的推广使用受到了限制。山羊绒与羊毛的DNA鉴别方法是目前各国学者研究的热点问题,DNA鉴别不依赖于纤维固有的形态结构及其理化性质,不会受到检验人员的主观判断及经验的影响,因此结果比较可靠。通过对以上鉴别方法的优缺点进行分析,为技术人员提供一定的理论依据。

Physical, chemical, biotechnology and identification methods of cashmere and wool were described. Wherein the optical microscope method was relatively mature method commonly used indicator of cashmere identification, but this method had limitations such as low magnification and fiber surface morphology was difficult to observe. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy detection technology were mainly in scientific research carried out by research institutes due to the relatively high cost. Solution method and staining method were invented by technicians in last century; it was limited because the accuracy of identification was not high. DNA identification methods of cashmere and wool was currently a hot issue for the scholars in the world, DNA identification was not dependent on the inherent fiber morphology and other physical and chemical properties, and thus not affected by subjective judgment and experience of personnel, results were more reliable. The advantages and disadvantages of the identification method were analyzed, which can provide certain theoretical basis for the technical staff to select the identification methods.