基于“推-拉”理论的城市少数民族居民迁居动因探讨

Motivation of Migration with Ethnic Minority Groups in the City Based on Pull-Push Theory:A Case Study in Lanzhou

迁居是城市空间结构变化和空间重组的重要原因之一。本文将聚居或散居在城市中的少数民族群体作为研究对象,结合少数民族在民族文化、生活习惯上的特殊性,提出少数民族居民迁居的"推-拉"模型,从理论上分析了少数民族居民迁居的动因,并以兰州市回族居民为例,通过调查问卷和深度访谈相结合的方式,对其在迁居过程中的动因进行了探讨。研究认为少数民族迁居动因包括迁出地推力与迁入地拉力两方面,可以分为民族性推(拉)力和一般性推(拉)力,包括宗教场所、民族聚居或散居、工作地点、教育观、城市建设、住宅环境、可达性等多个因素。推力与拉力在相互作用的基础上,共同影响迁居行为的产生。

Migration is one of the most important reasons for the changes of space and restructu- ring in city. This paper takes the ethnic minority groups who scattered settle down dispersedly in the city as the research object. Based on particularities of ethnic minority groups in national culture, habits and customs, we proposed the ＂push -pull＂ model of citizen mobility and analyzed the moti- vation of migration. By taking Lanzhou as an example, we gather data by questionnaires and face-to- face interviews. It is concluded that the migration of ethnic minority groups includes the ＂push＂ of moving out and the ＂pull＂ of moving in. The ＂pull＂ and ＂push＂ can be divided into nationality one and general one with religious sites, ethnic enclaves or scattered, the place of work, education, ur- ban construction, residential environment , accessibility, and many other factors. The ＂pull＂ and ＂push＂ interact with each other and both influence migration behavior.