黄河中游沙漠丘陵区土壤养分变化及玉米种植适宜性

Soil Nutrient Change and Maize Cultivation Suitability in Desert Hilly Area of the Middle Yellow River

为了解黄河中游沙漠丘陵区从全国第二次土壤普查(1985年)至2015年共30年间土壤养分变化情况,并为该区域玉米种植的合理布局提供参考,利用ASI法测定野外采集土样的基本肥力,采用专家经验法和模糊数学法完成丰缺指标体系的确定及评价,与二次土壤普查结果比较以判断30年间土壤质量的变化。以ACCESS、ArcGIS软件为研究平台,使用层次分析法、特尔斐法和田间试验法对研究区玉米种植适宜性分布的时间、空间变化进行定量评价与分级。结果表明:在30年内各养分指标平均含量均有所提升,其中有机质增加1.91g/kg,有效磷增加2.17mg/kg,速效钾增加11.63mg/kg,碱解氮增加7.16mg/kg,但仍不足以供应玉米生长需求,需因地制宜,着重在河谷川地和风沙滩地发展种植,减少黄土丘陵区域种植分布,均衡施肥,科学灌溉,在合理利用土地的同时避免环境污染。

The basic fertility of soil samples from field collection in desert hilly area of the middle Yellow River was determined by using ASI method firstly and then the index system of soil nutrient abundance and deficiency was determined and evaluated by expert experience and fuzzy mathematics method to discuss soil nutrient change in desert hilly area of the middle Yellow River. The temporal and spatial variation of maize cultivation suitability distribution in the research area was evaluated and classified by analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, Delphi and field testing method based on ACCESS and AreGIS . Results： The average content of different nutrients in soil increases to some extent from 1985 to 2015. The content of organic matter, available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium and available nitrogen in soil increases by 1.91 g/kg, 2.17 mg/kg, 11.63 mg/kg and 7.16 mg/kg respectively but it still can not meet demand of maize growth. Maize should be mainly cultivated in river valley and beach land according to local conditions. The balanced fertilization and scientific irrigation measures should be used to rational use land resources and avoid environmental pollution in maize production.