上海新华医院崇明分院2015年临床常见细菌耐药性监测

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in the clinical isolates collected from Shanghai Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch during 2015

目的分析全国细菌耐药监测网CARSS崇明区唯一一所入网医院上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院崇明分院2015年临床常见细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性和耐药性,为合理使用抗菌药物及临床抗感染治疗提供参考。方法采用MicroScan Walkway96型全自动细菌鉴定仪、纸片扩散法对临床常见分离菌进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果 2015年收集临床分离菌共1 815株,革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌所占比例分别为73.2%、26.8%;前3位分离菌分别为大肠埃希菌﹑肺炎克雷伯菌﹑铜绿假单胞菌。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属(肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌)和奇异变形杆菌中超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBL)的检出率分别为36.3%、12.6%、28.0%;耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)的检出率为0.69%;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)检出率分别是各自菌种的29.1%和61.4%。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药率<15%,铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属菌株对碳青霉烯类药物耐药率<20%;未发现对万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的肠球菌和葡萄球菌属。结论细菌耐药性对临床抗感染治疗构成严重威胁,应引起高度重视,需合理规范使用抗菌药物。

Objective To analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, a member of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, during 2015, for the purpose to facilitate rational antimicrobial therapy. Methods Strain identification and susceptibility testing were carried out for the clinical isolates using MicroScan WalkAway 96 Automated Systems and Kirby-Bauer method. Results In 2015, a total of 1 815 isolates were collected, including gram-negative bacteria （73.2 %） and gram-positive bacteria （26.8 %）. The top three frequently isolated species were Eseherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ESBL-producing strains were found in 36.3 % of the Escherichia coli isolates, 12.6 % of the Klebsiella （K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca） isolates, and 28.0 % of the Proteus mirabilis isolates. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains was 0.69 % in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strain was 29.1% in S. aureus, and 61.4 % in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates, No more than 15 % of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates and no more than 20 % of the P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to carbapenems. No vancomycin- or linezolid-resistant strains were found in Enterocoecus or Staphylococcus. Conclusions Antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates are a serious threat for clinical antimicrobial treatment. We should pay more attention to such urgent situation and rational use of antibiotics.