泉州民居墙体材料建构文化研究

Studies in Wall Materials Tectonic Culture of Quanzhou Dwellings

回顾以往,从空间形制、建筑结构、建造民俗、建筑美学等角度对泉州民居的研究不胜枚举,总体上是就泉州民居的某一方面进行片段研究。本文则主要关注泉州民居建造的关系逻辑,以建构文化为视角,从民居墙体材料建构特点出发,以一点窥全貌的方式考察民居中墙体材料建造特点与地理气候环境、文化语境之间的关系,分析泉州民居中不同材料构成的编织与置换的建造技艺与观念,并发现生土、红砖、白石及牡蛎壳等墙体材料在建造技艺和文化形态的双重层面上的编织结构是民居风貌丰富多变和多元文化特征的内因,为当代新乡土建筑,乃至乡村建设,找寻一条文化传承与创新发展的新途径。

Reviewing the past, from many aspects, such asthe space form, architectural structure, construction custom of folk and architectural aesthetic of the study of Quanzhou dwellings, was generally on a particular aspect research of Quanzhou dwellings. This article has focused mainly on the relationship logic of Quanzhou dwellingsconstruction, in the perspective of tectonic culture, starting from the characteristics of residential wall materials construction, examinein the form of a little snapshot of whole the relationship of residences wall materials in constructural characteristics and geographic climate environment, cultural context, analyzethe building techniques and concepts of weave and displacement composed by different materials of quanzhou dwellings, and found the weave structure of raw soil, red brick, white stone, and oyster shell wall materials in building techniques and cultural forms is the internal cause both of residential styles variety and diverse cultural characteristics, for the contemporary new vernacular architecture, and rural construction, to find a new way of cultural inheritance and Innovative development.