医学生批判性思维现状及其影响因素研究

Study of critical thinking status and its influence factors of medical students

目的了解医学生批判性思维现状及相关影响因素，为医学生批判性思维培养提供建议。方法以某医科大学三、四年级380名医学生为对象，采用加利福尼亚批判性思维倾向问卷，利用分层随机抽样方法进行调查，回收有效问卷356份。利用SPSS22．0对调查数据行t检验、方差分析及多元线性回归分析。结果量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0．728，累计方差贡献率为68．43％。医学生正性批判性思维能力平均得分为196．02分，显示其具备正性思维；多元线性回归分析表明，本科课外阅读量、是否有过兼职、每周自学时间对医学生的批判性思维存在影响（P〈0．05），并且成正相关。结论医学生批判性思维能力有待提高，而批判性思维的影响因素也有待进一步研究；必须深化医学生批判性思维能力培养实践与探讨。

Objective To understand the status and related influencing factors of critical thinking of medical students, so as to provide recommendations for the training methods of critical thinking of medical students. Methods A total of 380 medical students in third and fourth grade of a medical university were investigated by using the California Critical Thinking Tendency Questionnaire and stratified random sam- pling method. 356 valid questionnaires were recovered. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis and other methods. Results The Cronbach＇s c~ coefficient of the scale was 0.728, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 68.43%. The average score of positive critical thinking ability of medical students was 196.02, showing that they had positive thinking ability. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of extracurricular read- ing, whether there was a part-time job, and the students＇ self-study time per week had positive correlation with the critical thinking of medical students （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The critical thinking ability of medical students needs to be improved and the factors of critical thinking need to be further studied, and the research and practice of cultivating medical students＇ critical thinking ability must be deepened.