西南地区高湿环境中作业人员患病中医症候流行病学调查

Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptoms of Occupational Workers in a High Humidity Environment in Southwestern China

目的了解高湿环境中部队作业人员患病的主要中医症候分布情况,为高湿环境中疾病防治提供参考。方法首先组织专家编制高湿环境健康状况调查问卷,采用HTC-2型数字温湿度计测量部队驻地温湿度,调查问卷由调查对象自行填写。调查对象为在四川、云南、贵州、重庆等高湿环境下作业的部队人员。累计发放问卷10000份,收回有效问卷9643份。结果近2周内,调查对象的湿伤肺发生率为65.6%,湿伤脾胃发生率为45.3%,湿伤肌肤发生率为57.2%,湿痹关节发生率为52.2%。来自北方调查对象的湿伤脾胃发生率为47.0%,湿痹关节发生率为55.0%,均显著高于来自南方的调查对象(P<0.05,P<0.01)。湿伤肺中医症状发生率居前5位的分别为鼻塞、流涕、咽痒、咳嗽、咯痰;湿伤脾胃中医症状发生率居前5位的分别为食欲减少、腹痛、肠鸣、腹胀、恶心;湿伤肌肤中医症状发生率居前5位的分别为脚湿气、粉刺、皮肤瘙痒、肛门瘙痒、狐臭;湿痹关节中医症状发生率居前5位的分别为腰膝酸痛、颈痛、关节痛与天气变化相关、四肢关节疼痛、关节活动受限。结论高湿环境中,部队作业人员的中医症候中发生率最高的是肺系疾病,来自北方的部队作业人员其湿伤脾胃、湿痹关节发生率高于来自南方的部队作业人员。

Objective To find out about the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ TCM ） symptoms among people garrisoned in a high humid environment. Method The HTC-2 digital hygrometer was used to measure the humidity. Experts from related fields were called together to compile the questionnaire that was to be filled in by army officers and soldiers under the guidance of investigators who had received specialized training. A total of 10,000 questionnaires were issued and 9643 were valid. Results In the recent two weeks, the incidence of symptoms of the dampness-impaired lung, spleen, skin and joint was 65.5% , 45.3% ,57.2% and 52.2% ,respectively. The incidence of symptoms of lung impairment in army officers and soldiers from North China（47% ） was higher than that in those from South China（ X2 =4. 282 ,P=0.039） , contrary to the incidence of dampness-im- paired joints （ X2 = 10. 603, P = 0.001 ）. The top five symptoms of impairment of the lung by dampness were nasal obstruction, run- ning nose, throat itching, cough and expectoration, those of the spleen were decreased appetite, abdominal pain, borborygmus, ab- dominal distension and nausea, those of the skin were moisture foot, acne, skin itching, anal itching and bromhidrosis, and those of joints were aching lumbus and knees, neck pain, arthralgia, pain of limbs and limited joint mobility. Conclusion In a high hu- midity environment, the rate of pulmonary diseases in army officers and soldiers is the highest among all TCM symptoms. Symp- toms of impairment of the spleen and joints by dampness are more prevalent in army officers and soldiers from North China than in thoses from South China.