19世纪中叶大陆法系在中国的移植--以葡萄牙对澳门华人司法管治为个案

The Transplant of Continental Law System to China in the Mid-nineteenth Century: Analyzing the Case of Portugal's Judicial Administration on the Chinese in Macao

清末借鉴大陆法系进行法律改革之前,属于大陆法系的葡萄牙法已经借助殖民管治东风,向澳门移植。鸦片战争后,葡萄牙单方面实施对澳门的殖民管治,最关键的是攫取清政府对澳门华人的管辖权,尤其是司法管辖权。通过若干任澳葡总督的努力,葡萄牙逐步确立了对澳门华人的司法管治体制。基于详实的葡文史料,梳理澳葡如何变通旧机构以确立理事官署负责澳门华人司法管辖的原因、过程和变革细节,并从葡萄牙法源头追溯其如何移植适用于澳门。以此为例,丰富大陆法系于19世纪中叶在中国澳门的移植和司法实践适用的认识。

Before the legal reform that was carried out on the basis of the continental law system in the late Qing dynasty,the Portuguese law,which belongs to the continental law system,had already been transplanted to Macao along with the colonial governance. After the first Opium War( 1840—1842),Portugal one-sidedly implemented their colonial governance on Macao. The key of the governance was to take over Qin government's administration on the Chinese in Macao,especially the power of judicial administration. Through the governors' efforts in Portuguese Macao,Portugal gradually set up their judicial administration system on the Chinese in Macao. Based on detailed Portuguese historical materials,it was discussed in this paper that why and how Portuguese Macao government changed the old institutions and set up their Administration Bureau to take the charge of judicial administration on the Chinese in Macao. Analyzing this case in detail and tracing it back to the Portuguese law can enrich our understanding on the transplant of continental law system to Macao in the mid-nineteenth century and the application of the judicial practice.