不同栽培环境下籼稻整精米率和垩白度稳定性评价

Breakage and Chalkiness of Milled Grains of New Hybrid Indica Rice Bred in Fujian

利用2015年福建省水稻研究所水稻新品种筛选试验中42个杂交籼稻(包括早、中、晚稻)作为研究对象,对整精米率和垩白度2项米质性状稳定性进行探讨。研究表明:早稻种植点中连城整精米率显著高于其他种植点,垩白度显著低于其他种植点;中稻种植点中新罗整精米率最高,而南靖垩白度最低;晚稻种植点中漳州整精米率最高、垩白度最低。在不同种植环境下,早籼整精米率差异最大,中籼居中,晚籼最小,3者变异系数为56.0%、21.6%和11.0%;早、中、晚3种类型籼稻垩白度差异都较显著,3者变异系数分别为35.1%、34.9%和31.2%。因此,在福建省水稻新品种品质评价中应对不同稻区的稻米品质表现进行综合评价;另外,结合福建省早稻实际生产状况建议福建省新品种区试中选取连城作为早稻米质鉴定取样点。

Percentage of breakage and degree of chalkiness of themilled grains from 42 new varieties of rice tested by Fujian Rice Research Institute in 2015 were compared. It was found that thebrakeage rateafter millingand the chalkiness of the grains of theearly-season rice from the test cultivation area at Liangchen were significantly lower than those fromthe other locations. Among all, the grain breakage rate of the mid-season varieties from Xinluo, while the chalkinessfrom Nanjing, was the lowest. For the late-season rice, the grain brakeage and chalkiness rates were the lowest from Zhangzhou. Planting area affectedqualities ofthe rice in varying degrees. For instance, the grain brakeage of the early-season rice was found to be significantly moresensitive to the location where it was cultivatedthan the mid-seasonor the late-season varieties, with the coefficients of variation of 56.0%, 21.6% and 11.0%, respectively. And, on the chalkiness, the early-, mid-and late-season varietiesshowed the coefficients of 35.1%, 34.9% and 31.2%, respectively. Consequently, it seemed appropriate that cultivation localityshould be included in evaluating the grain qualityof a new rice variety in the future. And, Liangchen appeared suitable for regional testing on early-season rice.