尚家湾强岩溶隧道突水突泥伴生灾害源综合分析

Comprehensive analysis on disaster associated by water inrush and mud gushing in Shangjiawan karst tunnel

通过采用长期预报和短期预报相结合的方式,准确预报尚家湾强岩溶隧道突水突泥伴生灾害源的规模与空间位置,结合超前钻探建立综合超前预报体系。针对发生的3次突水突泥灾害,通过现场踏勘和水文地质分析,查明突水突泥伴生灾害源的来源,揭示尚家湾隧道突涌灾害源的赋存特征、致灾模式及其致灾机理,提出突涌灾害是由压力水、泥砂相结合的伴生灾害源和突涌通道2部分组成,伴生灾害源是内在源动力,突涌通道是灾害源的优势运移路径。同时,建立集内外结合(隧道内部揭露围岩与地表环境)、综合预报、"循环推进,交叉评价"、动态补探、综合治理相结合的伴生灾害源探测及防治技术,提出相应的治理原则、治理方案及后续施工的预防措施。

By combining the application of long-term prediction and short-term prediction in the Shangjiawan Tunnel, the spatial scale and location of associated disaster sources were accurately predicted. A comprehensive prediction system based on advanced drilling results was established. For the three occurring water inrush disasters, detailed hydrogeology analysis and site survey were carried out to identify the source of inrush water, and the distribution and occurrence characteristics of inrush disaster sources and their inrush mode were successfully revealed. The water inrush disaster was composed of associated disaster sources and inrush channel. Associated disaster sources were the source of power and inrush channel was the dominant migration path of disaster source. Furthermore, a set of associated disaster sources detection and prevention technology were established including the internal and external integration （combined the exposing situation of tunnel surrounding rock and the external environment of tunnel site）, comprehensive prediction, cycle forward, cross-evaluation, dynamic detection and comprehensive treatment. The corresponding treatment principles, treatment scheme and preventive measures of the subsequent construction aiming at inrush disasters were presented.