某战区呼吸道传染病病原监测平台的建立与评估

Establishment and Evaluation of a Surveillance Platform for Respiratory Tract Infections in a Theater Command

目的探讨某战区呼吸道传染病病原监测平台的建立模式,并评估其运行状况和病原监测工作质量,为该战区呼吸道传染病监测提供决策依据。方法通过在该战区设立监测点进行呼吸道传染病病原监测,建立急性呼吸道病原监测平台,并利用2014年度和2015年度呼吸道病原监测数据对平台运行状况进行评估。结果于2014年10月至2016年3月共收集2690例鼻咽拭子样本进行检测和分析,样本采集量在1月达到峰值,呼吸道病毒阳性率在12月、2月达到峰值。样本量空间分布中,监测点1所占比例最高(44.7%),监测点3所占比例最低(10.0%)。阳性率空间分布监测点2所占比例最高(22.1%),监测点4最低(11.8%)。阳性样本中以甲型流感病毒为主(57.4%),其次为乙型流感病毒(37.3%)和腺病毒(5.3%)。共分离得到13株季节性流感病毒。暴发疫情处置规范,但报告及时性、标本送检及时性和病毒分离等工作有待进一步完善。结论该战区呼吸道传染病监测平台总体运行正常,可为分析该战区呼吸道传染病流行趋势及制定疫情防控提供措施依据。应强化人员培训和技术指导,做好病原监测的管理和质量控制。

Objective To explore the establishment model of a respiratory tract infectious disease surveillance platform in a war zone, and to evaluate its performance and quality of pathogen surveillance. Methods By setting up spots of surveillance for pathogens of respiratory tract infectious diseases, a surveillance platform for acute respiratory tract pathogens was established. The performance of the platform was evaluated according to the surveillance data on respiratory pathogens collected in 2014 and 2015. Results Between October 2014 and March 2016, a total of 2690 cases of throat swab samples were collected and analyzed. Samples collected in January reached the peak, so did the positive rate in December and February. As for sample size distribution, the highest proportion（44.68% ） was found in No. 1 surveillance spot, and the lowest proportion （ 10.04% ） was at No. 3. The highest proportion of spatial distribution of the positive rate was at No. 2（22.06% ） ,and the lowest（ 11.76% ） was at No. 4. In the positive samples,influenza A virus was dominating （57.36%）, followed by influenza B virus （37.33%） and adenovirus （5.31% ）. Thirteen seasonal influenza viruses were isolated. The disposal of an outbreak was standard, but reporting, specimen detection and virus isolation needed to be improved. Conclusion The surveillance plfatform for respiratory infectious diseases in this threater command is operating well and can effectively facilitate prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, we should strength- en personnel training, technical guidance, surveillance of pathogens and quality control.