寨卡病毒病研究进展

Research progress of Zika virus disease

寨卡病毒病是由寨卡病毒引起的一种自限性急性传染病。寨卡病毒主要通过埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊叮咬传播,有证据表明也可通过性传播和母婴传播。临床表现主要为皮疹、发热、关节痛或结膜炎等非特异性症状,但寨卡病毒感染与新生儿小头畸形、格林-巴利综合征等存在密切关系。实验室检测方法包括实时荧光定量PCR检测病毒核酸和ELISA检测Ig M抗体。该疾病目前无有效的抗病毒药物和疫苗。预防措施主要为预防蚊虫叮咬和采取虫媒控制措施。

Zika virus disease is caused by Zika virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus is mainly transmitted by the bite of Aedes Aegypti and Ae. Albopictu, and mounting evidence has shown the possibility of sexual transmission and maternofetal transmission. The clinical presentation of Zika virus disease is nonspecific,including rash, fever, conjunctivitis, arthralgia, etc. The emergence of Zika virus is associated with the description of severe neurological complications, microcephaly in neonates and Guillian-Barre syndrome in adults. Laboratory diagnosis of Zika virus disease relies on the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-tirne PCR and the detection of Ig M antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available for this disease, Prevention measures are mainly individual protection from mosquito bites and vector control.