调适与聚合:明代回族文化认同与民族共同体的形成

Adjustment and Aggregation: The Cultural Identity of Hui Nationality in the Ming Dynasty and the Formation of National Community

明代是回族发展壮大的重要时期,也是其民族共同体得以最终形成的关键时期。与唐宋元相比,明代对少数民族实施了相对收紧的政策,禁胡服胡语,禁止本类自相嫁娶,这在客观上促使回族在恪守祖教的基础上,力争将回儒文化融会贯通,既适应统治阶级的需要,同时也实现了回族文化的传承创新,最终形成强烈的和而不同、同而不化的民族文化认同感。明代回族的文化认同正是在危机与调适、传衍与创新、认同与聚合的发展过程中,实现了回族文化认同体系,促进了明代回族民族共同体的最终形成。

The Ming dynasty witnessed the growth of the Hui Nationality, and it was also a critical period when the national community formed. The Hui nationality in the Ming dynasty tried to mix with the Han culture since the government of the Ming had a rather tight control over their clothing, language and marriage. As a result, they combined Confucianism and Islam without violating their religion, ultimately leading to the formation of ethnic identities of ＂harmony with difference＂ and ＂uniformity without assimilation＂. During the process of its formation, there had been challenges and adaptation, heritage and creation, identification and aggregation.