基于认知神经视角的二语习得理论述评

A Critical Review of the Second Language Acquisition Theories from a Neurocognitive Perspective

二语习得理论或假说为数众多,且有不断增加之势,但大体上可分为社会派和认知派。对基于认知神经视角的二语习得理论,如关键期假说、浅结构假说、陈述性/程序性模型和统一竞争模型加以简要剖析,透过其主要特征、观点及在相关问题上的分歧,可以肯定:二语习得是一个受到内外部因素制约的过程,无论是始学年龄还是二语水平都不能准确地对其最终学习状态进行预测;而二语习得能否成功或许要取决于始学年龄、二语习得经历和二语输入等因素的共同作用。

Theories or hypotheses of second language acquisition abound in the literature,and the number seems to be increasing continually.Broadly speaking,these fall into two schools：the Cognitive School and the Social School.An introduction is made to a number of SLA theories from the neurocognitive perspective,such as the Critical Period Hypothesis,the Shallow Structure Hypothesis,the Declarative/Procedural Model,and the Unified Competition Model,and the discussion centers on the main features and core ideas of,and divergences among them.Finally,it is concluded that the success or failure of second language acquisition perhaps depends on the joint workings of such factors as age of acquisition,experience of second language learning and second language input.