明代递运所考论

A Study of Diyunsuo in Ming Dynasty

递运所是明代的驿传机构,有一整套完备的体系,直至明末仍发挥着重要的功效,但尚无相关的专门性研究。本文梳理了递运所制度层面的基本情况与兴废历程。明代创设递运所,意在专司物资运输,但在实际运行中,驿站与递运所的职能区分逐渐模糊,驿、递分离的制度设计被打破。洪武至宣德年间是递运所新设、网络扩张的时期,正统以后趋于稳定,表现为全国性的运输网络。嘉靖以后朝廷开始大量裁并递运所,至万历初年构成了以河南为中心,以供给京师与边镇为主要目标的大区域运输网络。递运所的兴废变化,不仅是朝廷政策调整的结果,也是明王朝关注点的转移与国势的盛衰起伏的反映。

Diyunsuo was the national transportation agency with a complete system, which played an essential role through Ming dynasty. However there has no detailed study about it. This paper reviews the basic information of Diyunsuo from the system level. Government set Diyunsuo to mainly in charge of transportation to divide the labor from the post. However, in actual operation, the differences between Diyunsuo and the post were confused and many Diyunsuo were merged into Posthouse. The number of Diyunsuo increased significantly from Hongwu to Xuande period. The growing trend became stabilized after Zhengtong, i. e. , a national transportation network was formed. After Jiajing period, a larger number of Diyunsuo were abolished or merged by the government, a new Diyunsuo network was finally established in the early of Wanli period. Henan province was the center to con- veniently supply the capital and border areas, which achieved the transition of the transportation system from the nationwide to key areas. The rise and fall of Diyunsuo system was not only a change of political system, but also reflected the change of national power and the shift of official demand in Ming dynasty.